Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controllers represent a cornerstone in the field of control systems engineering, providing a versatile and robust method for regulating industrial processes. The ...

PID loops are a central component of modulating boiler control systems with applications ranging from basic steam header pressure control to cascading 3-element drum level control. A modern ...

Self-regulating systems with feedback loops, i.e., the routing back of the output of a system to its input, have existed since antiquity and have since become an integral part of modern technology.

For those new to fields like robotics or aerospace, it can seem at first glance that a problem like moving a robot arm or flying an RC airplane might be simple problems to solve. It turns out, however ...

Looking back through the history of automation, it’s not difficult to see how most advances are extensions of existing technologies. This can be seen at all levels of automation—from the evolution of ...

New ISA technical report distills thousands of pages of PID references for improving process performance. Even though controllers using the proportionalintegral-derivative (PID) algorithm have been ...

In the previous article, I showed how to compensate simple first-order systems. As a quick recap, a Proportional-Integral (PI) controller is all that is needed for compensating first-order systems ...

A few weeks ago, I installed an automatic water heater switch to my bathroom, but it was a crude device. What I really want to do is design a universal heater driver. That basic idea can be adapted to ...

Affected by the climate goal of “carbon neutrality”, the energy consumption structure is growing increasingly clean and low carbon, giving rise to the rapid development of the PV industry. Due to long ...